Table of Contents:

Executive summary

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: The market
2.1: Fuels, emissions and consumer trends
2.2: Liquid fuels predominate
2.3: Carbon emissions and man-made climate change
2.4: Global legislation and standards on emissions regulation
2.5: Current and planned regulation
2.6: CO₂ limitations
2.7: Major vehicle production trends
2.8: Market size and forecasts
2.8.1: Petrol (gasoline) engines
2.8.2: Diesel engines
2.8.3: Hybrids
2.8.4: Fuel cell

Chapter 3: Current and future SI technologies
3.1: The internal combustion engine, past and present – basic principles
3.1.1: Efficiency
3.1.2: Minimising losses
3.2: Current and future SI technologies
3.2.1: Petrol (SI) basics
3.3: Engine construction
3.3.1: Cylinder head
3.3.2: Cylinder block
3.3.3: Bottom-end and rotating assembly
3.3.4: Valve gear
3.3.4.1: Valve operation
3.3.4.2: Variable valve timing and lift
3.3.4.3: The camless engine
3.3.5: Induction and fuel system
3.3.5.1: Basic principles of mixture formation
3.3.5.2: Lean burn
3.3.5.3: Gasoline direct injection
3.3.6: Ignition system
3.3.7: Cold starting
3.3.8: Pressure charging
3.3.9: Engine management and emission control
3.3.9.1: Control technologies
3.3.9.2: Exhaust aftertreatment

Chapter 4: Current and future Diesel (CI) technologies
4.1: Engine construction
4.1.1: Cylinder head
4.1.2: Cylinder block
4.1.3: Bottom end
4.2: Induction and fuel system
4.2.1: Diesel differences
4.2.2: Turbodiesel advantages
4.2.3: Alternatives to the turbocharger?
4.2.4: Fuel injection: common rail and unit injectors
4.2.5: Injector principles – conventional and piezo
4.2.6: Engine management and emission control
4.2.6.1: Control technologies
4.2.6.2: Exhaust aftertreatment
4.3: The HCCI principle

Chapter 5: Hybrid IC powertrain technology
5.1: Hybrid principles
5.2: Petrol-electric hybrid
5.2.1: Atkinson and Miller cycle engines
5.3: Electric motors, batteries and supercapacitors
5.4: Plug-in hybrids
5.5: Diesel-electric hybrids
5.6: Hybrid drive management

Chapter 6: Beyond the internal combustion engine
6.1: Possible alternatives
6.2: Fuel cells
6.2.1: The fuel cell engine
6.3: Other technologies

Appendix
Vehicle manufacturer production and market share

List of figures
Figure 1: Comparison of global CO₂ regulations for passenger vehicles (NEDC gCO₂/km)
Figure 2: Share of global vehicle production 2008 / 2011
Figure 3: New passenger cars: EU Diesel market share by member state, 2010

List of tables
Table 1: EU: emission standards for passenger cars (ECE + EUDC chassis dynamometer test)
Table 2: CO₂ emissions and weight in 2011 by manufacturer with 2015 and 2020 CO₂ targets (passenger vehicles only)
Table 3: Light vehicle engine production by region to 2020 (million units)
Table 4: Petrol engine production to 2020 (million units)
Table 5: Diesel engine production to 2020 (million units)
Table 6: Hybrid/EV production by manufacturer to 2020 (million units)